Untitled Note

1). SWITCH :- f = 1e9; lambda = 3e8 / f; power_in = 1; Z0 = 50; attenuation_off = 3; attenuation_on = 0; switch_state = 0; reflection_coefficient = 0.1; reflection_loss = 20 * log10(abs(reflection_coefficient)); if switch_state == 0 path_loss = attenuation_off reflection_loss; power_out = power_in * 10^(-path_loss/10); fprintf('Switch OFF: Power Output = %.4f W\n', power_out); else path_loss = attenuation_on reflection_loss; power_out = power_in * 10^(-path_loss/10); fprintf('Switch ON: Power Output = %.4f W\n', power_out); end frequencies = linspace(0.5e9, 1.5e9, 100); power_out_f = zeros(size(frequencies)); for i = 1:length(frequencies) lambda_i = 3e8 / frequencies(i); if switch_state == 0 path_loss_f = attenuation_off reflection_loss; else path_loss_f = attenuation_on reflection_loss; end power_out_f(i) = power_in * 10^(-path_loss_f / 10); end figure; plot(frequencies / 1e9, power_out_f, 'LineWidth', 2); title('Power Output vs Frequency'); xlabel('Frequency (GHz)'); ylabel('Power Output (W)'); grid on; SCOKTY :- I_s = 1e-12; n = 1.1; V_t = 26e-3; V_min = -0.5; V_max = 0.5; V_step = 0.01; V = V_min:V_step:V_max; I = I_s * (exp(V / (n * V_t)) - 1); figure; plot(V, I, 'LineWidth', 2); xlabel('Voltage (V)'); ylabel('Current (A)'); title('Schottky Diode I-V Characteristics'); grid on; xlim([V_min, V_max]); ylim([0, max(I)]); 2). CAPACITOR :- % Microstrip Capacitor Calculation with Waveform % Given Parameters epsilon_r = 4.4; % Relative permittivity (dielectric constant of the substrate) h = 1.6e-3; % Height of the substrate in meters (e.g., 1.6 mm) W = 10e-3; % Width of the microstrip capacitor in meters (e.g., 10 mm) % Constants epsilon_0 = 8.854e-12; % Permittivity of free space in F/m % Capacitance Calculation using the formula C = (epsilon_0 * epsilon_r * W) / h C = (epsilon_0 * epsilon_r * W) / h; % Display the capacitance disp(['The capacitance of the microstrip capacitor is ', num2str(C * 1e12), ' pF']); % --- Plotting Waveforms --- % Time Vector for Simulation (0 to 1 microsecond) t = linspace(0, 1e-6, 1000); % Voltage waveform across the capacitor (assuming a sinusoidal voltage source) V = 1 * sin(2 * pi * 1e6 * t); % 1 MHz frequency, amplitude of 1V % Current through the capacitor (I = C * dV/dt) % Use the difference to approximate the derivative of voltage dV = diff(V); % Calculate the difference in voltage values dt = diff(t); % Calculate the difference in time values I = C * dV ./ dt; % Current is C * dV/dt (element-wise division) % Adjust time vector to match the length of I t_current = t(2:end); % Time for the current calculation (one less point) % Plot Voltage vs Time subplot(2,1,1); plot(t, V, 'b-', 'LineWidth', 1.5); title('Voltage across Microstrip Capacitor'); xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Voltage (V)'); grid on; % Plot Current vs Time subplot(2,1,2); plot(t_current, I, 'r-', 'LineWidth', 1.5); title('Current through Microstrip Capacitor'); xlabel('Time (s)'); ylabel('Current (A)'); grid on;